The Effectiveness of a Volleyball Teaching Model in Enhancing Underhand Service Skills Among Junior Secondary School Students

Abstract

Study purpose. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of a structured volleyball teaching model in improving underhand service skills among Grade VII students at an Islamic junior secondary school.

Materials and methods. This study employed a quantitative experimental approach using a one-group pretest–posttest design. The research was conducted at MTs Islamiyah Bumi Agung, Ogan Komering Ilir, South Sumatra, during the first semester of the 2025/2026 academic year. The population comprised 198 Grade VII students, of whom 66 were selected through random sampling using the Slovin formula with a 10% margin of error. Students’ underhand service skills were assessed before and after the intervention using a volleyball underhand service technique test. The pretest and posttest scores were analyzed using a paired-samples t-test at a significance level of 0.05.

Results. The results showed that students’ underhand service scores increased from a pretest mean of M = 62.45, SD = 7.82 to a posttest mean of M = 74.18, SD = 6.91. The paired-samples t-test indicated that the improvement was statistically significant, t(65) = 9.87, p < 0.001. The mean gain was 11.73 points, indicating a meaningful improvement. These findings demonstrate that students achieved significantly better underhand service performance after participating in the structured volleyball teaching model.

Conclusions. The structured volleyball teaching model significantly improved the underhand service skills of Grade VII students. Therefore, this model can be recommended as an effective instructional strategy for teaching basic volleyball skills in school physical education.