Indonesian Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science

The Effectiveness of a Football-Based Psychological Skills Training Program on Adolescents in the Indonesian–Malaysian Border Area: An Experimental Study in Entikong

2026-02-24T07:26:10+00:00

The Indonesia-Malaysia border region faces complex socio-economic challenges, including limited access to structured education and training. For this purpose, efforts to build psychological skills such as emotion regulation, stress management, and self-confidence are important to build resilience in the face of competitive and social pressures. This study aims evaluated the effectiveness of a football-based psychological skills training program for students in this area. Using an experimental design with control and experimental groups, 60 male students aged 15–16 participated in a 16-week program combining training sessions and football competitions. Psychological skills were measured with the Psychological Skills Inventory for Sports (PSIS-R5), and data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA. Results showed that the experimental group achieved significantly greater improvements in psychological skills than the control group (p < 0.000). Beyond enhancing mental readiness for competition, the program fostered social skills, team solidarity, and community engagement. These findings suggest that football-based psychological skills training can strengthen both individual resilience and social inclusion in border regions. Further research is recommended to assess the long-term effects and applicability of this approach to diverse populations.

The Relationship between the Psychological Characteristics of Futsal Referees and their Performance when Officiating a Match

2026-04-05T03:17:21+00:00

Understanding Teachers’ Knowledge of Meaningful Physical Education in Community of Practice Contexts: A Cross-Sectional Comparative Study

2026-04-02T02:28:25+00:00

Study purpose. Teachers' understanding of Meaningful Physical Education (Meaningful PE) is a key aspect in promoting meaningful learning experiences for students. While various professional development programs, such as Communities of Practice (CoP), have been implemented, empirical evidence regarding teachers' understanding based on professional characteristics remains limited. This study aims to analyze physical education teachers' level of understanding of Meaningful PE and examine differences based on gender and years of teaching experience.

Materials and methods. The study used a quantitative survey design with a cross-sectional approach towards 66 physical education teachers who regularly participated in CoP. The instrument used was a Likert scale questionnaire (1–5) consisting of 16 statements related to conceptual understanding of Meaningful PE, which had an r = 0.873. The data were analyzed using the One-Way ANOVA test and the Tukey test.

Results. The findings indicate that gender is not a significant differentiating factor in teachers' knowledge levels, whilst teaching experience contributes significantly to variations in knowledge. These results confirm that professional experience and involvement in collaborative learning communities play a greater role in shaping teachers' pedagogical literacy than demographic characteristics.

Conclusions. This study reinforces the urgency of community-based continuing professional development to improve teachers' conceptual understanding of meaningful physical education pedagogy.

The Effect of Box Jumping and Barrier Jumping Exercises on Jump Height

2026-02-24T06:48:54+00:00

Study purpose. This study was conducted in response to insufficient lower leg muscle explosiveness observed in volleyball extracurricular students at State High School 1 Madang Suku III, which adversely affected their jumping performance during gameplay.

Materials and methods. A quantitative experimental approach was employed using a two-group pretest–posttest design. Statistical analyses were performed using paired-sample t-tests to examine within-group differences and independent-sample t-tests to compare the effects between groups.

Results. The findings revealed that the Jump to Box training method significantly enhanced lower limb muscle explosive power (t = 56.564, p < 0.05). Likewise, the Barrier Hops training method demonstrated a statistically significant improvement (t = 59.088, p < 0.05). However, the results of the independent-sample t-test indicated no statistically significant difference in effectiveness between the two training interventions (p = 0.704).

Conclusions. These findings suggest that both Jump to Box and Barrier Hops exercises are equally effective in improving lower limb explosive power among volleyball extracurricular participants.

The Biomechanical Analysis of Sepak Takraw Smash Technique Using Video-Based Motion Analysis

2026-04-16T01:10:38+00:00

Study Purpose. The smash technique is one of the most important offensive skills in sepak takraw and plays a decisive role in scoring points. Effective smash execution requires optimal coordination of the lower limbs and trunk, which can be examined through biomechanical analysis. This study aimed to analyse the biomechanical characteristics of the sepak takraw smash technique using video-based motion analysis.

Material and Methods. This study employed a descriptive quantitative research design. The participants were 15 male students from the Physical Education, Health, and Recreation (PJKR) study program, aged 18–22 years, who actively participated in sepak takraw training. Smash movements were recorded with a smartphone camera that supports slow motion. Video-based motion analysis software was used to measure biomechanical variables, including knee, hip, and ankle joint angles; kicking-leg swing velocity; ball contact height; and trunk inclination angle. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate means and standard deviations for each variable.

Result. The results showed that participants performed the smash technique with a mean knee angle of 158.4° ± 5.2° and a hip angle of 142.1° ± 6.3° at the moment of ball contact. The kicking-leg swing velocity reached an average of 18.6 ± 2.4 m/s, while the ball contact height was recorded at a mean of 2.15 ± 0.12 meters. Additionally, the trunk inclination angle showed an average of 12.5° ± 3.1°, demonstrating a forward body posture that contributes to balance.

Conclusion. Video-based motion analysis is an effective and practical method for evaluating the biomechanical characteristics of the sepak takraw smash technique. The findings provide useful information for coaches to improve smash performance and develop training programs based on biomechanical principles.

The Effect of Repeated Sprint Ability Training on the Speed Endurance of Backs in Bandung City Rugby Sevens

2026-04-17T04:22:00+00:00

Study Purpose. This study aims to determine the effect of Repeated Sprint Ability (RSA) training on the speed endurance of backs in the Bandung City rugby sevens team.

Material and Methods. The method used was a quasi-experimental study with a randomized pretest–posttest control group design. The sample consisted of 20 athletes divided into an experimental group (10 athletes) and a control group (10 athletes). The experimental group underwent an RSA training program for four weeks, with three sessions per week, while the control group followed the team's regular training schedule. The measurement instrument used was the Repeated Sprint Ability Test, specifically the 6 × 40 m protocol, to obtain speed endurance indicators (mean sprint time). Data analysis included descriptive statistics, the Shapiro–Wilk normality test, paired t-tests, and independent t-tests.

Result. The results showed that RSA training had a significant effect on improving speed endurance in the experimental group. However, the difference test indicated no significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of speed endurance (p=.348). In contrast, a significant difference was found in the Fatigue Index (FI) between groups (p=.023), indicating that RSA training was more effective in reducing fatigue and improving the ability to maintain sprint performance under repeated high-intensity conditions.

Conclusion. These findings suggest that RSA training is more effective in enhancing fatigue tolerance and maintaining the quality of repeated sprints, as required in rugby sevens. Thus, RSA training is recommended to be systematically integrated into the physical periodization program of back athletes to improve performance readiness in the competition phase.

High-Intensity Plyometric Training Improves Sprint Speed, Lower Limb Power, and Jump Distance in Male Athletes

2026-04-13T15:11:35+00:00

Athletic performance in competitive sports is strongly influenced by explosive abilities such as initial speed, lower-limb power, and jumping ability. Although plyometric training has been widely used to improve these performance components, most previous studies have not specifically examined the effects of high-intensity plyometric training on these three performance variables simultaneously in adult male athletes. This gap in the literature represents the novelty of the present study. This study aimed to analyze the effects of high-intensity plyometric training on initial speed, lower-limb power, and jump distance in male athletes. The study employed a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test approach. The research sample consisted of 15 male athletes from the athletics unit of Universitas Pattimura who participated in a high-intensity plyometric training program for 8 weeks with a frequency of three sessions per week. The research variables included initial speed measured through a 35-meter sprint test, lower-limb power measured using the Sargent test, and jump distance measured using the standing long jump test. The data were analyzed using a paired sample t-test and one-way ANOVA with a significance level of 0.05. The results showed significant improvements in all variables after the intervention, including a 6.33% decrease in sprint time, a 25.07% increase in lower-limb power, and a 25.03% increase in jump distance, with very large effect sizes across all variables. These findings indicate that high-intensity plyometric training is effective in improving the explosive performance of male athletes. This study concludes that a high-intensity plyometric training program can serve as an effective training strategy to enhance athletes’ explosive physical abilities. Future research is recommended to employ experimental designs with control groups, larger sample sizes, and further investigation into the physiological mechanisms of neuromuscular adaptation in greater depth.

Effects of Video-Based Self-Recording With and Without Coach Monitoring on Beginners’ Fundamental Tennis Skills: Controlling for Baseline Self-Efficacy

2026-03-23T01:40:26+00:00

Study purpose. This study examined whether an exercise training model centered on self-recorded practice videos produces greater improvements in beginner tennis players’ fundamental skills than unsupervised free practice, and whether outcomes differ by the presence of online coach monitoring. Accordingly, we compared (1) a monitored self-recording model, (2) an unmonitored self-recording model, and (3) a free-practice control, while controlling for baseline self-efficacy.

Materials and methods. An experimental pretest–posttest control group design involved 24 first-semester students (12 male, 12 female) from the Siliwangi University Tennis Club with no formal tennis training. Participants were randomly assigned to: (1) video-based self-recording monitored by a coach via online supervision, (2) video-based self-recording without monitoring, and (3) unsupervised free-practice control. The intervention lasted 12 weeks (3 sessions/week; 36 sessions). This training session lasted 120 minutes, including a 15-minute warm-up, 90 minutes of main training, and a 15-minute cool-down. The intensity of the training was controlled at a low to moderate level (60%–75% of HRmax). Forehand accuracy (FA) and backhand accuracy (BA) were measured using the Dyer Tennis Test, service accuracy (SA) using the Hewitt Tennis Achievement Test, and self-efficacy (SE) using the Endurance Sport Self-Efficacy Scale (ESSES). Paired -tests assessed within-group changes, and MANCOVA tested posttest skill differences while controlling for pretest SE.

Results. Only Group 3 showed no significant improvement in BA (p = 0.109); Groups 1 and 2 significantly improved FA, BA, SA, and SE (p < 0.005). Group had a significant multivariate effect on posttest tennis skills after controlling for pretest SE (p < 0.000; ). Pretest SE significantly influenced FA, BA, and SA (p = 0.021; ), predicting posttest FA (p = 0.027) and SA (p = 0.036), but not BA (p = 0.221).

Conclusions. Video-based self-recording improves beginner tennis skills and self-efficacy beyond unsupervised free practice. Baseline self-efficacy should be considered in training design because it relates to post-intervention performance, particularly forehand and service accuracy. Future research should involve larger, diverse samples, include retention tests, and explore equipment modifications reported to enhance technical control and self-efficacy in beginners.

Technical Action Distribution and Effectiveness in Cerebral Palsy Football: A Notational Analysis of the IFCPF Asia–Oceania Cup

2026-04-01T04:28:21+00:00

Study purpose. This study aimed to analyze the distribution and effectiveness of technical actions performed by players during CP Football matches using a notational analysis approach.

Materials and methods. The participants were 16 players (avg. age ± SD, 28.19 ± 5.56) from the Indonesian National Cerebral Palsy Football team who competed in the IFCPF Asia-Oceania Cup held in Surakarta, Indonesia, from 16–22 November 2025. A total sampling technique was applied. The unit of analysis was not individual players but technical actions occurring during matches. Match videos from four official games (Australia, Japan, Thailand, and Iran) were systematically observed to record four technical actions: passing, ball control, dribbling, and shooting. Each action was classified as successful or unsuccessful and analyzed using descriptive statistics to determine frequency, distribution, and effectiveness.

Results. The results showed that passing was the most dominant technical action with 984 occurrences (44.3%) and a 90.5% success rate, followed by ball control with 847 occurrences (38.1%) and an 89.0% success rate. Dribbling accounted for 271 occurrences (12.2%) with a 67.9% success rate, while shooting was the least frequent action with 123 occurrences (5.5%) and a 35.8% success rate. In addition, most technical actions were predominantly performed using the right foot.

Conclusions. The findings indicate that match performance in CP Football is largely characterized by ball possession and circulation through passing and ball control, while penetrating and finishing actions occur less frequently and with lower effectiveness. Training programs should therefore emphasize passing accuracy, ball control skills, and bilateral technical development to enhance players’ performance in competitive matches.

The Effectiveness of the Sport Education Model on Volleyball Learning Outcomes of Eighth-Grade Students

2026-04-24T01:20:36+00:00

Study purpose. This study was conducted to determine whether the Sport Education Model can improve volleyball learning outcomes among eighth-grade students. In many physical education classes, instruction still relies heavily on teacher-centered approaches, which often limit students’ active involvement. As a result, students may have fewer opportunities to develop both their skills and motivation.

Materials and methods. This study used a quasi-experimental design with a pretest–posttest control group setup. A total of 64 students from SMP Negeri 32 Padang participated in the research, with 32 students assigned to the experimental group and the remaining 32 placed in the control group. The study followed three main stages: pretest, treatment, and posttest. At the beginning, both groups were given a pretest to measure their initial abilities in cognitive, psychomotor, and affective domains. The experimental group then received instruction through the Sport Education Model, which emphasizes teamwork, student roles, and game-based activities. The control group received traditional instruction that mainly relied on explanations and repetitive practice. After the treatment period, both groups were given a posttest. The collected data were then analyzed using descriptive statistics and an independent samples t-test.

Results. The findings revealed that the experimental group showed greater progress compared to the control group. Improvements were seen in understanding, skill performance, and participation. Statistical testing confirmed that the difference between the two groups was significant.

Conclusion. The Sport Education Model proved effective in enhancing volleyball learning outcomes. Approaches that encourage active participation and teamwork appear to provide better learning experiences and outcomes for students.