Indonesian Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science

The historical march of the development of kendo from the Middle Ages to modern times

Zainab Ali Abdul Ameer — 2025-03-27

Study Purpose. highlighting the origins of the sport's philosophy. Studying the development of the sport of kendo across different historical periods and its adaptation to societal and cultural changes. Identifying the establishment of the most prominent organizations and federations that contributed to its development, and exploring the sport's basic tools and rules and its most prominent championships.

Materials and Methods. The historical approach was adopted in studying the historical process of the development of kendo, as it is appropriate to the nature of the problem. The information has been simplified and presented in a sequential manner that presents the development of the sport of kendo, starting from the origins of its philosophy, its origins, and the development of its equipment and basic rules, in light of the cultural and social changes from the Middle Ages to the modern era, relying on several historical, cultural, and sporting scientific references related to the sport of kendo, including books and research articles, Official documents and data are available on the official websites of the International Kendo Federation.

Results.

The integration of women into this sport progressed slowly, as kendo was traditionally viewed as a male-only activity for many years. This perception may be attributed to the cultural traditions of Japanese society, which played a significant role in the development of kendo and its status as a martial art rooted in historical battles.

Conclusions. The sport of kendo has been shaped by various traditional philosophies, concepts, and principles that represent the culture of Japanese society. These influences include samurai traditions, Zen Buddhism, the values of bushido, and the principles of kenjutsu. As a result, kendo has evolved from a mere martial art into a philosophical system that encompasses physical, mental, and spiritual development.

The Effect of Isokinetic Performance-Like Training on Leg Strength Development and Women's Long Jump Performance

Ansam Khazaal Jabbar — 2025-04-02

Study purpose. This study aims to identify the effect of Isokinetic similar to performance exercises to develop legs muscular strength and achievement of female long jump, women have less muscle mass, therefore less strength, so the strength level of female athletes must be developed in various ways, including using isokinetic exercises.

Materials and methods. The research method using experimental was used the experimental design of random selection equivalent groups with pre- and post-observation, Researcher selected sample intentionally, The research community was composed of (9) national team long jumpers. The sample was selected with (8) players, and (1) player was excluded due to her high achievement of 5 m., which affects homogeneity and equality. The validity and reliability of instruments rely on extracted coefficient of self-truthfulness, and by test and retest to inform tests stability.

Results: Results of research showed that isokinetic exercises similar to performance have a positive effect on level of achievement among female long jump players, which were represented in physical variables and level of achievement, and that there were in variables of physical abilities and level of achievement, where they excelled.

Conclusion. Concluded that experimental group that used Isokinetic similar to the performance exercises achieved the training objects in developing the muscular strength and achievement of female long jump. Accordingly, it was recommended the adoption of exercises Isokinetic similar to the performance as it achieved the training objects in developing legs muscular strength and achievement of female long jump.

The Effect of Physical Training at Different Distances Using a Trampoline on Developing Certain Physical and Physiological Abilities for Achieving the 100m Breaststroke in Youth

Safieya Ihsan Kamil — 2025-04-04

Study purpose. This study aimed to design a physical training programme that incorporates different distances to improve specific physical and physiological abilities and utilise trampolines to improve 100m breaststroke performance in young swimmers.

Materials and Methods. The researchers employed the experimental method by conducting pre- and post-tests on both the experimental and control groups. The research population consisted of youth swimmers from the Al-Hashd Al-Shaabi Sports Club, specializing in the 100m breaststroke event during the 2022 competitive season. A total of 12 swimmers were selected using a comprehensive sampling approach and were divided into two groups: an experimental group and a control group, with six swimmers in each. The experimental group underwent a physical training program utilizing the trampoline with varied distances, guided by heart rate monitoring, implemented over three training sessions per week for eight weeks. Data analysis was conducted using the SPSS statistical software.

Results.The improved results indicate that the specific exercises included in the training program were effective in developing speed, enabling swimmers to complete the race distance as quickly as possible, resulting in better performance. Swimmers with this characteristic can achieve maximum speed in a race, which directly impacts performance.

Conclusions. The study concluded that physical training using the trampoline at different distances had a significant positive impact on developing specific physical abilities, which contributed to enhancing 100m breaststroke performance in youth swimmers.

Evaluation of the Teaching Competencies of Motor Learning Instructors from the Students’ Perspective

Hanaa Abbas Abdullah — 2025-04-13

Study Purpose. The aim of the study is to develop a specialized questionnaire to evaluate the professional teaching competencies required of motor learning instructors from the perspective of students at the College of Basic Education – Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. It also seeks to identify the responses of the sample, represented by third-year students from both the morning and evening programs, based on their perspectives within the same department.

Material and methods. The study included 224 third-year students, representing 100% of the population in both programs. The sample was divided into three groups: exploratory (24 students), preparatory (100 students), and application (100 students), all selected randomly. A structured questionnaire was developed based on prior studies, covering six domains with 22 items. The tool was reviewed by five motor learning experts, with items approved by over 75% retained. Reliability was confirmed via Cronbach’s alpha, and data were analyzed using SPSS, employing percentage values, chi-square tests, and descriptive statistics.

Results. The findings indicated that most motor learning instructors utilize modern instructional aids, including presentation technology and data show tools, to enhance the learning process. They also focus on positive reinforcement and collaborative activities among students to strengthen relationships and promote engagement. Brainstorming through unexpected questions is also used to stimulate thinking.

Conclusions. The study found that motor learning instructors frequently use modern instructional tools, such as presentation technology and data show aids, to enhance teaching effectiveness. They also apply structured assessments to ensure fair grading and rely on clear theoretical explanations. Allowing students to express their opinions objectively and promoting group work contributed to improved educational outcomes and a more interactive learning environment.

Development of Pencak Silat Learning Model Based on Local Wisdom for Character Building of Students in SB Hulu Langat Selangor, Malaysia

Jamaludin — 2025-04-17

Tujuan penelitian. Mengembangkan model pembelajaran pencak silat berbasis kearifan lokal untuk pembentukan karakter pada siswa SB Hulu Langat, Selangor, Malaysia

Bahan dan metode. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan model pembelajaran pencak silat berbasis kearifan lokal yang efektif dalam menanamkan nilai-nilai karakter pada siswa Sanggar Bimbingan (SB) Hulu Langat, Selangor, Malaysia. Model pembelajaran ini dirancang untuk mengintegrasikan nilai-nilai kearifan lokal seperti religiusitas, disiplin, kerja keras, dan tanggung jawab dengan pendekatan pembelajaran yang inovatif dan kontekstual. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian dan pengembangan (R&D) dengan model ADDIE. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas atas di SB Hulu Langat. Data dikumpulkan melalui angket, wawancara, dan observasi, kemudian dianalisis secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif.

Hasil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran pencak silat berbasis kearifan lokal yang dikembangkan terbukti valid, praktis, dan efektif dalam menanamkan nilai-nilai karakter pada siswa. Model ini tidak hanya meningkatkan keterampilan fisik siswa dalam pencak silat, tetapi juga secara signifikan memperkuat karakter mereka dalam hal religiusitas, disiplin, kerja keras, dan tanggung jawab.

Kesimpulan. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi penting bagi pengembangan metode pembelajaran berbasis budaya lokal yang relevan dengan kebutuhan pendidikan modern, sekaligus menjadi solusi strategis untuk mengintegrasikan pembelajaran pencak silat dengan pembentukan karakter siswa dalam lingkungan multikultural. Karena penelitian ini hanya berfokus pada nilai-nilai karakter tertentu, yaitu religius, disiplin, kerja keras, dan tanggung jawab, diharapkan peneliti selanjutnya dapat mengembangkan aspek-aspek penilaian karakter lainnya yang juga penting dalam konteks pendidikan multikultural dan global. Penelitian ini penting bagi pendidikan karakter siswa dan juga melestarikan kearifan lokal.