Digitalisasi dan Paradoks Produktivitas Ekonomi: Bukti Empiris dari Negara Berkembang di Asia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52188/jendelaaswaja.v7i2.2247Kata Kunci:
Digitalisasi; Produktivitas Ekonomi; Internet; Panel Data; Productivity ParadoxAbstrak
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pengaruh digitalisasi terhadap produktivitas ekonomi pada negara berkembang di Asia dalam konteks productivity paradox. Fenomena perlambatan produktivitas global di tengah percepatan perkembangan artificial intelligence (AI), internet, dan teknologi digital menunjukkan adanya ketidaksesuaian antara perkembangan teknologi dengan peningkatan produktivitas ekonomi. Bahan dan metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode regresi data panel terhadap 10 negara berkembang Asia selama periode 2005–2024. Variabel penelitian terdiri dari GDP sebagai variabel dependen, serta internet users (INT), mobile cellular subscriptions (CELL), trade openness (TRADE), gross capital formation (GROSS), dan inflation (INF) sebagai variabel independen. Data penelitian diperoleh dari World Bank melalui World Development Indicators (WDI) dan dianalisis menggunakan Random Effects Model (REM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa internet users berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap GDP, sedangkan inflation berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap GDP. Sementara itu, mobile cellular subscriptions, trade openness, dan gross capital formation tidak menunjukkan pengaruh signifikan terhadap GDP. Secara simultan, seluruh variabel independen berpengaruh signifikan terhadap GDP dengan nilai Adjusted R-Squared sebesar 76,47%. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah digitalisasi belum sepenuhnya mampu meningkatkan produktivitas ekonomi secara optimal pada negara berkembang di Asia. Kondisi tersebut menunjukkan adanya productivity paradox akibat ketimpangan infrastruktur digital, rendahnya efektivitas penggunaan teknologi, serta dominasi aktivitas digital yang masih bersifat konsumtif dibanding produktif. Manusia berhasil mempercepat koneksi digital lintas negara, tetapi belum sepenuhnya berhasil memastikan bahwa koneksi tersebut benar-benar meningkatkan produktivitas ekonomi.
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