Indonesian Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science

Effects of Eye-Tracking Learning on Ground Pinning and Throw Defense Skills in Novice Greco-Roman Wrestlers

Monaf Ibrahim Hassan — Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Study purpose. This study examined the effects of Eye-Tracking–based Learning on ground pinning skill and defense against throws in novice Greco-Roman wrestlers, assessing whether integrating perceptual-cognitive exercises into conventional Learning enhances technical and anticipatory performance.

Materials and methods. 32 male wrestlers aged 12–14 years were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 16) or a control group (n = 16). Both groups completed an eight-week program with three 90-minute sessions per week, while the experimental group additionally performed Eye-Tracking exercises aimed at improving ground pinning skill and defense against throws.

Results. The experimental group showed substantial improvements in ground pinning skill (Pre: 12.4 ± 1.8; Post: 17.6 ± 1.5) and defense against throws (Pre: 11.9 ± 2.0; Post: 16.4 ± 1.7), whereas the control group showed only modest gains. Post-intervention comparisons revealed significantly higher performance in the experimental group for both skills. Repeated-measures ANOVA confirmed significant main effects of group, time, and their interaction, demonstrating the effectiveness of the Eye-Tracking intervention.

Conclusions. Eye-Tracking–based Learning effectively enhances technical execution and anticipatory defensive abilities in novice Greco-Roman wrestlers. Incorporating perceptual-cognitive exercises into conventional wrestling programs can optimize skill acquisition, improve tactical responsiveness, and accelerate performance development, supporting coaches in preparing athletes for competitive success.

Comparison of Handgrip and Upper Body Strength between Sedentary Individuals and Archers

Fri, 07 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Study purpose: Muscular strength is crucial for performing daily tasks and enhancing sports performance. However, limited research has compared the handgrip and upper body strength between sedentary individuals and archers. This study aimed to compare the handgrip and upper body strength between the sedentary individuals and archers.

Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study design was employed, involving youth archers of Kelantan Sports Council (n=20; Mean age:14.7±1.22 years old) and sedentary individuals from Kelantan secondary school (n=20; Mean age:14.8±1.15 years old). Participants were selected using purposive sampling. Participants’ handgrip strength of dominant and non-dominant arms was measured using a hand dynamometer, while the upper body strength was measured via medicine ball throw test. All the tests were conducted for 3 trials; the average of the trials was used the analysis using Mann-Whitney test.

Results: There was a significant difference (p<0.05) in the comparison of handgrip strength for both arms between the groups. Archers exhibited higher dominant handgrip strength (32.5±4.1 kg) than sedentary individuals (25.8±3.9 kg). Similarly, upper body strength demonstrated a significant difference (p<0.05), with archers achieving a longer medicine ball throw distance (5.4±0.6 m) than sedentary individuals (4.1±0.5 m).

Conclusions: To conclude, archers possess greater handgrip and upper body strength than sedentary individuals, highlighting the positive impact of archery training on muscular strength development.

Understanding the Impact of Self-Control on Training Commitment Through Burnout Mediation Among College-Athletes

Mayang Salsabila, Miftakhul Jannah — Wed, 19 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Study purpose. Self-control is a crucial factor in influencing college athletes' training commitment. In this study, burnout serves as a mediating variable for the influence of self-control on training commitment. Given the importance of training commitment in the training process, appropriate interventions are needed for college athletes to develop self-control and overcome burnout. This study aims to predict the influence of self-control on training commitment with burnout as a mediating variable.

Materials and methods. A quantitative approach was chosen for this study, and questionnaires were completed by 123 college athletess university in Surabaya. Participants filled out a questionnaire containing the Brief Self-control Scale (BSCS), the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ), and the Athlete Commitment Instrument (ACI). Data analysis was conducted using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM-PLS) technique. Based on the results of the mediation test, it was found that p = 0.009, which means that burnout has a mediating effect on the influence of self-control on training commitment.

Results. This means that college athletes with high self-control will have high training commitment with a tendency toward low burnout levels. College athletes with good self-control will maintain training commitment and manage any burnout they experience. The results of this study can contribute to the relevant parties by examining the interventions used to conduct exercises to minimize burnout.

Conclusions. Additionally, these new findings recommend further research to explore the type of intervention appropriate for the intensity and volume of exercise. It is concluded that burnout is able to mediate the influence of self-control on training commitment.

The Influence of the Traditional Game "Mpa'a Gopa" on Elementary School Students' Interpersonal Intelligence

Firdaus Firdaus, Rabwan Satriawan, Ewan Irawan — Wed, 26 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Study purpose. This study aims to determine the effect of the traditional game ‘Mpa'a Gopa’ on the interpersonal intelligence character values of primary school students, which includes three main aspects: focus, cooperation, and strategy.

Materials and methods. A quasi-experimental quantitative method with a one-group pretest-posttest design was used. The subjects were 15 students, 8 girls and 7 boys aged 12-13 years. The instrument used was a questionnaire about the effectiveness of the ‘Mpa'a Gopa’ game, which had undergone validity testing with all items declared valid (calculated r > table r) and reliability testing with a Cronbach's Alpha value of 0.873, which is considered reliable. Data collection was conducted using a pretest-posttest method through the application of the ‘Mpa'a Gopa’ game. Data analysis used descriptive statistics, the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, and a paired t-test with the help of SPSS 25.

Results. Descriptive analysis results showed an increase in the average score of the application of ‘Mpa'a Gopa’ in the aspect of cooperation from 61.20 to 79.33, the aspect of focus from 63.47 to 77.67, and the aspect of strategy from 61.73 to 78.20. The Shapiro-Wilk normality test results showed a sig value of 0.200 > 0.05, meaning that the data was normally distributed. The results of the paired sample t-test showed a t-count of 20.56 (cooperation), 14.77 (focus), 17.75 (strategy) with a sig of 0.000 < 0.05, which means there is a significant difference between the pretest and posttest scores.

Conclusion. The traditional game of ‘Mpa'a Gopa’ has been proven to have a significant effect on improving the interpersonal intelligence of fifth-grade students at SDN Inpres Teke, particularly in terms of their ability to cooperate, maintain focus, and develop strategies.

The Contribution of the Traditional Game of Gobak Sodor to the Holistic Development of Students at Al-Jihadiah Religious Primary School

Muhammad Ferdiansyah Hidayat, Ranu Baskora Aji Putra — Sat, 29 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Study purpose. The application of the traditional game of Gobak Sodor in religious primary schools plays an important role as a holistic educational method, but its effectiveness in student development needs to be empirically proven.

Materials and methods. This study used a quantitative descriptive design to analyse the impact of this game on affective, cognitive, and psychomotor development. The research subjects involved 30 third-grade students at a religious primary school in Malaysia, selected using a saturated sampling technique (the entire population was used as the sample). Data were collected through direct observation using assessment instruments that had been tested for validity and reliability to ensure data accuracy.

Results. Descriptive analysis results showed that students achieved high scores in social attitude (Mean=3.10) and individual motor skills (Mean=2.70), but scores in thinking strategies and teamwork were still relatively low (Mean=2.20).

Conclusion. This study makes an important contribution to future studies by confirming that the development of higher-order thinking skills in traditional games does not occur automatically, but requires active instructional guidance from teachers (instructional scaffolding), rather than passive supervision.

The Effect Of (Physical - Technical) Exercises Using The High-Intensity Stations Method In Raising The Level Of Strength Characterized By Speed, Flexibility And Achievement For Junior High Jump Players

Ansam Khazal Jabbar Al-Sudani — Tue, 02 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Study purpose. The performance of high jumpers is not currently meeting desired achievements, with progress stagnating despite physical development. This discrepancy is believed to stem from a weaker focus on developing motor abilities, such as flexibility, in comparison to physical training. Flexibility training, incorporating a variety of exercises, is hypothesized to be a critical component for enhancing the specific motor skills required for high jumping. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the effect of a structured flexibility training program on the level of selected motor abilities and high jump achievement in participants aged 12-14 years.

Materials and Methods. The study likely involved a sample of participants aged 12-14, who were probably divided into an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group underwent a supervised flexibility training program featuring varied exercises, while the control group continued with their standard training regimen. Key motor abilities relevant to high jumping (e.g., flexibility, agility, balance) and high jump achievement (measured by jump height) were assessed for all participants before the intervention (pre-test) and after its completion (post-test). Statistical analysis was then used to compare the improvements between the two groups.

Results. The results demonstrated that the group which participated in the flexibility training program showed significant improvements in the measured motor abilities and in their high jump performance compared to the control group.

Conclusion, flexibility training is a successful intervention for raising the level of key motor abilities and enhancing achievement in the high jump for individuals aged 12-14 years. It is therefore recommended that coaches and trainers adopt structured flexibility training as an integral component of athletic development programs for young high jumpers.

Project Based Learning Based on Basic Locomotor Movement Skills in Physical Education Learning

Nasrullah Nasrullah, Irfan Irfan, Anas Ardiansyah — Wed, 03 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Study purpose. This study aims to develop a Project Based Learning (PBL) model based on basic locomotor movement skills and evaluate its effectiveness in learning Physical Education in elementary schools.

Materials and methods. The research method uses a Research and Development (R&D) approach with the ADDIE model, which includes analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The research subjects were students of PUBLIC PRIMARY SCHOOL 11 Bima Citywith an initial test involving 20 students and a final test involving 40 students. The measurement instrument for basic locomotor movement skills used the Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD), including running, jumping, and hopping skills. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and tests, then analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively using the t-test, N-Gain, and Aiken's V validation.

Results. The results of the study showed a significant increase in students' abilities after the implementation of the model. The average pretest score (cognitive 66.5; affective 66.8; psychomotor 68.0) increased in the posttest (cognitive 85.3; affective 86.0; psychomotor 88.5). The t-test obtained a value of 30.51 with p = 0.000 (<0.05), N-Gain of 58.18% was in the medium to high category, and Aiken's V validation showed very valid criteria (0.89–0.94).

Conclusion: The findings show that integrating TGMD into the PBL framework effectively improves locomotor skills, active participation, motivation, and collaboration, thereby supporting holistic development and enhancing the quality of physical education learning.