Effects of Eye-Tracking Learning on Ground Pinning and Throw Defense Skills in Novice Greco-Roman Wrestlers

Monaf Ibrahim Hassan — Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Study purpose. This study examined the effects of Eye-Tracking–based Learning on ground pinning skill and defense against throws in novice Greco-Roman wrestlers, assessing whether integrating perceptual-cognitive exercises into conventional Learning enhances technical and anticipatory performance.

Materials and methods. 32 male wrestlers aged 12–14 years were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 16) or a control group (n = 16). Both groups completed an eight-week program with three 90-minute sessions per week, while the experimental group additionally performed Eye-Tracking exercises aimed at improving ground pinning skill and defense against throws.

Results. The experimental group showed substantial improvements in ground pinning skill (Pre: 12.4 ± 1.8; Post: 17.6 ± 1.5) and defense against throws (Pre: 11.9 ± 2.0; Post: 16.4 ± 1.7), whereas the control group showed only modest gains. Post-intervention comparisons revealed significantly higher performance in the experimental group for both skills. Repeated-measures ANOVA confirmed significant main effects of group, time, and their interaction, demonstrating the effectiveness of the Eye-Tracking intervention.

Conclusions. Eye-Tracking–based Learning effectively enhances technical execution and anticipatory defensive abilities in novice Greco-Roman wrestlers. Incorporating perceptual-cognitive exercises into conventional wrestling programs can optimize skill acquisition, improve tactical responsiveness, and accelerate performance development, supporting coaches in preparing athletes for competitive success.

Comparison of Handgrip and Upper Body Strength between Sedentary Individuals and Archers

Fri, 07 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Study purpose: Muscular strength is crucial for performing daily tasks and enhancing sports performance. However, limited research has compared the handgrip and upper body strength between sedentary individuals and archers. This study aimed to compare the handgrip and upper body strength between the sedentary individuals and archers.

Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study design was employed, involving youth archers of Kelantan Sports Council (n=20; Mean age:14.7±1.22 years old) and sedentary individuals from Kelantan secondary school (n=20; Mean age:14.8±1.15 years old). Participants were selected using purposive sampling. Participants’ handgrip strength of dominant and non-dominant arms was measured using a hand dynamometer, while the upper body strength was measured via medicine ball throw test. All the tests were conducted for 3 trials; the average of the trials was used the analysis using Mann-Whitney test.

Results: There was a significant difference (p<0.05) in the comparison of handgrip strength for both arms between the groups. Archers exhibited higher dominant handgrip strength (32.5±4.1 kg) than sedentary individuals (25.8±3.9 kg). Similarly, upper body strength demonstrated a significant difference (p<0.05), with archers achieving a longer medicine ball throw distance (5.4±0.6 m) than sedentary individuals (4.1±0.5 m).

Conclusions: To conclude, archers possess greater handgrip and upper body strength than sedentary individuals, highlighting the positive impact of archery training on muscular strength development.

Indonesian Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science

Effects of Eye-Tracking Learning on Ground Pinning and Throw Defense Skills in Novice Greco-Roman Wrestlers

Comparison of Handgrip and Upper Body Strength between Sedentary Individuals and Archers