Indonesian Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science

The Fostering Student Learning Independence in Physical Education Learning Based on Gender: Integrating Teaching Styles

Pebriyandi Pebriyandi — 2024-12-30

Study purpose. This study aimed to increase students' learning independence in physical education by integrating two teaching styles, namely practice style and inclusion, in students of SD Alam Muhammadiyah Martapura.
Materials and methods. This study used a pre-experiment research design with one group pre-post test design. The study sample consisted of 30 students, 14 girls and 16 boys. The research methodology included three phases: pre-test, treatment, and post-test. In the pre-test phase, students carried out a learning independence test using conventional teaching styles. Next, students were treated with the integration of practice style and inclusion teaching style for 4 weeks. A post-test was then conducted to see changes in learning independence after the treatment.
Results. The results showed that the mean pretest score was 63.23 ± 7.71 while the posttest score was 71.50 ± 5.63. Statistical analysis using One Way Anova shows that there is a significant difference in learning independence between male and female students. Responsibility and initiative factors were also analysed, showing that female students were dominant in the responsibility factor of not depending on others, while both males and females were equally positive in the responsibility factor of following instructions well and earnestly.
Conclusion. The conclusion of this study is that the integration of practice style teaching with inclusion is effective in increasing students' learning independence. These results provide strategic implications for teachers in developing differentiated and inclusive learning methods to improve students' learning independence soft skills.

The Effect of Accumulation of Non-aerobic Effort on Some Functional Variables and Blood Lactate for Middle Distance Runners

Shatha Hazim Gorgees — 2025-01-06

Study purpose. This study aims to investigate the effects of non-aerobic (anaerobic) effort accumulation on select functional variables and blood lactate concentrations in middle-distance runners. A diverse cohort of experienced middle-distance runners was recruited for this study.

Materials and methods. The study involved 30 experienced middle-distance runners. The participants engaged in a series of controlled, high-intensity anaerobic exercises to induce the accumulation of anaerobic effort. Following these exercises, we measured a range of functional variables, including maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max), heart rate, stroke volume, critical indicators of cardiovascular function, and aerobic fitness. Simultaneously, blood samples were drawn from the participants before and after the exercise regimen to quantify blood lactate levels.

Results. The VO2 max showed a slight decline post-exercise (58.7 ± 6.4 mL/kg/min) compared to the baseline measure (61.3 ± 6.7 mL/kg/min). In addition, there was a significant increase in heart rate post-exercise (185.4 ± 8.6 beats/min) compared to pre-exercise (79.2 ± 8.3 beats/min).

Conclusions. The decrease in VO2 max post-exercise indicated a decline in aerobic performance, a typical response to high-intensity exercise. Also, the rise in lactate concentrations post-exercise and the subsequent decrease during recovery provided evidence of anaerobic metabolism during high-intensity exercise and the body's efficient lactate clearance mechanism during recovery. This study contributes to understanding lactate metabolism during and after high-intensity exercise. The findings also contribute to understanding how the body adapts to exercise and have potential implications for designing training and recovery strategies for athletes.

The Effectiveness of Infographic Nutrition Education Media on Improving Nutrition Knowledge related to Athlete Eating Arrangements

M. Dzikri Mubarok — 2025-01-13

Study Purpose. The purpose of this study was to determine the increase in athletes‘ nutritional knowledge related to eating arrangements through nutrition education using printed infographic nutrition education media that contains material about eating arrangements for athletes and determine the effectiveness of the media used to increase athletes’ knowledge.

Materials and Methods. This study used a quantitative approach with experimental research methods and quasi-experimental research types. Respondents of this study were 30 11-year-old soccer athletes with nutritional status categories based on Z-score (IMT/U).

Results. The result is that there is a significant increase in athletes‘ knowledge after the intervention (p=0.000), Based on the results of the analysis, there is an increase in the knowledge score from pre-test (50,83 ± 10,9) ke post-test (66,67 ± 8,2), that the infographic media used is effective to increase athletes’ knowledge about good eating arrangements and nutrition for athletes.

Conclusion. There is an increase in nutritional knowledge related to eating arrangements in athletes after a nutrition education intervention with printed infographic media, so that the media used is proven effective for increasing athletes' knowledge related to eating arrangements. The limitations of this study are that the period of intervention is quite short and only reviews the increase in knowledge only at the time of the pre-test and post-test so that it is not effective to determine the long-term effects on the attitudes and behaviour of athletes. It is hoped that future research will carry out interventions in a long enough period of time and carry out continuous monitoring to see the long-term effects on athletes.

The Effect of Parental Nutrition Education on the Knowledge of Eating Arrangements and Energy Intake of Adolescent Athletes: A Study at SSB Kancil Mas

Lula Herdina — 2025-01-13

Study purpose. Energy and nutrient requirements in adolescent athletes are higher than in children in general, along with the high intensity of physical activity. Parents' understanding of dietary management plays an important role in ensuring these needs are met, but often remains suboptimal. This study aimed to analyse the effect of nutrition education on improving parents' knowledge of dietary management and its impact on energy intake in adolescent athletes.

Materials and Methods. This study used a quasi-experiment design with a one-group pre-post test approach. The research subjects involved 30 parents/guardians of 11-year-old Football School athletes selected through purposive sampling method. The intervention was conducted through face-to-face nutrition education for 10 days using booklet media. Dietary knowledge was measured using a questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability, while energy intake data was collected through a 1x24 hour food recall form.

Results. The results of data analysis using paired t-test showed a significant increase in the average score of dietary knowledge after the intervention (p = 0.000). In addition, in the Wilcoxon test there was a significant increase in the average energy intake of athletes (p = 0.013).

Conclusion. This study shows that nutrition education has a significant effect on improving parents' knowledge of dietary management and energy intake of adolescent athletes. Future research could consider using more diverse educational media, conducting evaluations over a longer period of time to assess the sustainability of the results, as well as examining the relationship between dietary management and athletes' physical performance directly.

The Effectiveness of Weight Training on Speed in Rock Climbing Athletes in the Speed World Record Category

Devina Lutfiani — 2025-01-22

Study Purpose. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of weight training on increasing the speed of rock climbing athletes in the Speed World Record category .

Materials and methods. This study involved 10 Speed World Record category rock climbers from FPTI Semarang City. For one month, they followed a weight training program to increase muscle strength to support acceleration and climbing speed. Climbing time tests were conducted before (pretest) and after the training program (posttest). Data were analyzed using the T-Test to identify significant differences in average climbing time.

Results. The results showed that the average climbing time decreased from 11.8610 seconds (pretest) to 10.6040 seconds (posttest), with a significant decrease of 1.257 seconds. The T-Test produced a significance value <0.001, indicating that this difference was very significant. Cohen's d> 0.8 indicates that the effect of weight training is very large on increasing athlete speed.

Conclusion. This study found that weight training significantly improved the speed performance of Speed World Record category rock climbers. This decrease in time not only indicates an increase in movement efficiency but also represents a 10.6% reduction in climbing time, reflecting the strengthening of muscles and speed that support acceleration during climbing.

Anxiety Level in Pencak Silat Extracurricular Students

Waraprada Anisa Jumantara — 2025-01-25

Study purpose. This study aims to determine the level of pre-match anxiety in students. Students who take part in extracurricular pencak silat experience a decline in achievement, which is a very serious concern that needs to be studied based on the level of anxiety experienced by students before competing.

Materials and methods. This study uses a quantitative research approach with descriptive research methods and survey research types. Data collection techniques used in this study include surveys (questionnaires) observation and documentation. The population in this study were 35 pencak silat extracurricular students and the sample obtained was 13 students using purposive sampling.

Results. The results of the validity test there are 15 items declared entirely valid with the criteria r count> r table (0.553) then obtained the results of the reliability test which is 0.950> 0.90 which means the reliability value is perfect. The results showed that students who had a low anxiety level category were 1 student with a percentage of 7.7%, students who had an average anxiety level were 1 student with a percentage of 7.7% and students who had a high anxiety level were 11 people with a percentage of 84.6%.

Conclusion. Based on the results of data analysis and discussion, it can be concluded that the Anxiety Level in Pencak Silat Extracurricular Students is in the ‘High’ category. This is because.

Impact of Physical, Mental, and Creative Abilities Using Competitive Educational Methods: A Study on Theater Students at the College of Fine Arts, University of Mosul

Jamal Shukri Basim — 2025-02-21

Study purpose. The research aims to identify the impact of the competitive method on developing the physical, mental, and creative abilities of the Theater Department students at the College of Fine Arts at the University of Mosul.

Material and methods. The research population consisted of first-year students in the Theater Department at the College of Fine Arts for the academic year (2021-2022). The research sample was a total of 10 students. The researchers used the experimental method to address the research problem, employing a homogeneous group design with pre-and post-tests.

Results. The most important results of the research were the impact of the competition method on developing the physical, mental, and creative abilities of the Theater Department students at the College of Fine Arts at the University of Mosul.

Conclusions. The researchers concluded that the competitive approach successfully developed students' physical and mental abilities in the Department of Theater at the College of Fine Arts at the University of Mosul. Implementing such competitive approaches in educational programs contributes to a transformative strategy for raising students’ abilities and aligning their academic journey toward professional and personal excellence. It also nurtures their critical thinking, problem-solving, and creative expression. The researchers recommended adopting the competitive method in teaching theatrical physical fitness courses in Theater Departments at Colleges of Fine Arts.

The Effect of Physical Activity on Mental Health: Literature Review and Implications for Daily Life

Saddan Pramana Putra — 2025-02-21

Study purpose. Sport and physical activity have a great impact on an individual's mental well-being. This suggests that in challenging situations, individuals can find ways to stay physically active, which in turn can help reduce stress and anxiety. Through this literature review, this study aims to explore the effects of physical activity on mental health and understand how it contributes to everyday life.

Materials and methods. This study utilised the Guidelines for Systematic Reporting and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) method to ensure completeness and accuracy. The period covered in this study was from 2019 to 2024, total articles n=15.

Results. There is a strong link between physical activity and mental well-being. Physical activity can serve as an effective intervention to address mental health issues, such as depression and anxiety. In addition, regular physical activity can also help boost self-confidence and improve body perception, which in turn supports more optimal mental health.

Conclusion. Regular engagement in exercise can lead to significant improvements in mood, reductions in anxiety and depression, and improvements in overall psychological well-being. Increased awareness and support for physical activity is expected to lead to a healthier society, both mentally and physically.

The Analytical Study of the Media's Role in Creating Crises: Perspectives of Administrative Bodies in Sports Clubs

Fuad Abdul Mahdi Mahmoud Al-Hamdani — 2025-02-22

Study purpose. This study aims to explore the role of sports media in creating crises that boxers may face, many journalists have failed to realize the dual role of the media in creating and managing crises. The media not only reports events but also acts as a key organizer in crisis preparation and management.

Materials and methods. The researchers employed a descriptive survey method, correlational relationships, and standard studies on a sample of (79) administrative members from boxing clubs in the southern provinces of Iraq out of a total population of (270). The researchers selected the sample deliberately and developed the research scale. After applying the scale to the main experimental sample, the results were collected and processed using SPSS. The findings suggest that the role of the media is not to create crises in sports environments, both specific to sports and in general society.

Results. The media role in creating crises is perceived as having a low value from the perspective of administrative bodies. Simultaneously, this value is considered unsatisfactory, given that the media's duty is to contain and manage crises in line with the public interest, without exaggeration or exacerbation. Media also plays a significant and effective role in crisis management in general, particularly in the crises faced by boxers and the administrative bodies of sports clubs dedicated to this sport. This is attributed to the influential role of media in the sports community and society at large, facilitated by the rapid dissemination of news and its impact on society, whether positively or negatively.

Conclusion. The scale used in the study proves to be a valuable tool for detecting the level and role of media in creating crises, according to the perspectives of administrative body members in boxing clubs. The highest percentage for the sample in the scale of the media's role in creating crises was at a moderate level.